Dear Members,

I am grateful to have the opportunity to serve you as ATLP’s president for 2020-2021. I thank Tim Wackerbarth for his service to our organization as past president, including his leadership through the COVID-19 pandemic.

I owe this opportunity to the young professionals program. Started about eight years ago, the program was a sustainability effort that sought to engage and attract young professionals. It worked! Approximately half of our current officers participated in the program.

This edition of Highlights will focus on impending shifts in traditional labor law arising from the CARES Act, National Labor Relations Board decision trends and retrenchment of policy directions from those taken under the Obama Board. Thomas Lenz, a partner and former NLRB attorney contributed the section on procedural updates. Robert Fried may be reached at: [email protected], 925-251-8515 (direct) or 925-998-0742 (cell).

Quorum Confirmed

On July 29, 2020 the Senate confirmed appointments of current Board Member Marvin Kaplan (Republican) and past Board Member Lauren McFerran (Democrat).  Employers should expect that the Board panel’s continuing quorum will enable further action on pending cases and policy initiatives to alter the private sector labor relations landscape.

This week’s transportation conversation is with Beth Osborne.  Beth is a lawyer by training; She has dedicated her career to transportation public policy in Congress, the U.S. DOT, and now with Smart Growth America’s transportation program, Transportation for America.

At DOT, Beth served as the Acting Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy and the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy from 2009 to 2014. In that capacity, Beth managed the Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) Discretionary Grant program now known as the BUILD program, the Secretary’s livability initiative, the development of the Administration’s surface transportation authorization proposal, and the implementation of MAP-21.

Thank you for allowing me to serve as your President for the 2019-2020 year.  Needless to say, it was an eventful year and not exactly what we anticipated.  We were very much looking forward to the annual meeting in Vancouver, BC.  I think we showed flexibility when the COVID 19 health crisis and corresponding travel and gathering restrictions made an in-person annual meeting unworkable.  I want to thank the Board for their hard work and support during this time.  Thanks also to our Program Chairs, Louis Amato-Gauci and Jameson Rice, who put together an impressive array of topics and speakers for the annual meeting which we were able to present to the membership in a series of online webinars.  This enabled us to realize a substantial percentage of our budgeted revenue for the meeting which was enhanced by the savings of meeting expenses in Vancouver.  It is my hope that the Association will be able to resume in-person meetings soon, maybe as early as the Transportation Forum this fall.  It is also my hope that the Association will be able to hold the meeting in Vancouver at some point in the future as it is a spectacular venue.

The U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia recently dismissed to Germany a plaintiff’s Montreal Convention suit against Delta Airlines and KLM on grounds of forum non conveniens.¹ The plaintiff in this action purchased a ticket for travel in Germany through Delta’s website. His roundtrip travel was to Atlanta, and then to Amsterdam and finally Munich, Germany. The flight from Atlanta to Amsterdam was operated by a joint venture of Delta on KLM. On that flight, a beverage cart hit plaintiff’s knee, causing him injury. He brought suit against Delta and KLM in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. Both Delta and KLM brought motions to dismiss arguing that the case should be heard in Germany rather than the U.S. on the grounds of forum non conveniens, which readers will recall is a doctrine that allows defendants to dismiss cases to alternative forums on grounds that the plaintiff’s chosen forum is too inconvenient given the location of the parties, the evidence and other factors set forth below.

This week’s ATLP Highlights blog features an interview with Jenifer Ross-Amato, Deputy General Counsel – until this past June, Interim General Counsel – of Denver’s Regional Transportation District (RTD).  RTD is a political subdivision of the State of Colorado and the Denver metropolitan area’s transit agency with over 170 bus routes and 11 light and commuter rail lines.

My discussion with Jenifer is a sequel of sorts to my May 22 conversation with SEPTA Deputy General Counsel, Jay Fox.  In contrast to SEPTA’s legacy rail operations, RTD light and commuter rail services are a “New Start” named after the Federal Transit Agency’s program for funding new commuter services.  

Congratulations to two of our ATLP Board members who have been listed on Law360's Rising Stars for 2020 Top Attorneys Under 40.

Recent reports indicate that a number of new entities are organizing and raising capital to respond to opportunities arising from the COVID-19 crisis and related developments. Recently, Beacon, a United Kingdom-based forwarding startup that "aims to act as the booking agents between importers and exporters while facilitating trade logistics and finance" according to its website, has signed on a $15 million investment from Jeff Bezos. Beacon investors already include top executives from Uber, Google and other companies in the surrounding supply chain, transport and logistics space.

There are also a significant number of other new and well-capitalized players in the forwarding and third-party logistics (3PL) business, offering innovative services to match suppliers and buyers, and to move goods in global commerce more quickly and easily, with more pricing options for traders at all levels. Many of these services offer to move almost anything, from personal items to trade goods, from one place to another globally at very competitive prices, with simple transaction structures and simple on-line booking.

The Clause Paramount and Himalaya Clause in Two Through Bills of Lading Extend COGSA Limitations to the Ocean Carrier and Inland Rail Carriers

            Recently, in Siemens Energy, Inc. and Progressive Rail, Inc. v. CSX Transp., Inc., __ F. Supp. 3d __ (E.D. Ky. 2020), a district court held that the through bills of lading for an international shipment extended the limitation of liability provisions of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA), 46 U.S.C. § 30701, Note § 1(a), to the rail carrier for the inland leg of the transportation of cargo.  The district court further held that the Covenant Not to Sue contained in the through bills of lading prohibited the Shipper from asserting a claim for cargo damage against the inland rail carrier.

This blog discusses three recent decisions issued by the Surface Transportation Board (STB or Board) in two demurrage proceedings that arose, in part, as a result of testimony and comments submitted in Ex Parte 754, Oversight Hearing on Demurrage & Accessorial Charges.

The Board Issues a Demurrage Policy Statement

            On April 30, 2020, the Board issued a Statement of Board Policy explaining the principles the Board will consider in evaluating the reasonableness of demurrage and accessorial rules and charges.  Policy Statement on Demurrage and Accessorial Rules and Charges, EP 757 (STB served April 30, 2020).  This policy statement was finalized following a notice of proposed statement of Board policy issued in October 2019 and a public comment period.  The Board noted that it is not making any “binding determinations” with the policy statement, and that the Board will continue to adjudicate specific cases based on all facts and arguments presented.  Id., slip op. at 3.

Introduction
 
            The passenger rail sphere has seen a number of developments in the spring of 2020 on the regulatory and funding fronts, including:

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) has issued its long-awaited final rule on changes to hours of service requirements in a move intended to increase flexibility for truck drivers and motor carriers. The final rule is based on a proposed rulemaking that was announced August 14, 2019. The final rule was published on June 1, 2020 and will go into effect on September 29, 2020. The final rule includes four key revisions to the existing hours of service requirements:

Robert is a partner with AALRR and a member of the firm’s Return to Work Task Force. He is a co-author of the AALRR Return to Work Tool Kit

Many of the waking hours of executives in the modes and their counsel have been filled with navigating the emergency rules and regulations that have been issued at the federal and state level arising from the Covid-19 Pandemic.

The new legal framework for remote work, economic benefits and relief, social distancing, testing and matters of testing and personal protective hygiene, returning to work poses challenges.  However, returning to normalcy brings its own irony for employers - a return to issues of traditional labor law, albeit in new ways. That is our topic here.

This week’s ATLP Highlights Blog features an interview that I recently conducted with Jay Fox, Deputy General Counsel for the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (“SEPTA”).

SEPTA serves the Philadelphia metropolitan area operating: bus, rapid transit, commuter rail, light rail, and electric trolleybus service.  The transit agency employs over 9,000 people and logs nearly 1.5 trillion passenger miles per year across all modes.

Jay began his career in private practice as a litigator and then as general counsel to an export management firm before joining the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) only a month after the September 11 terrorist attacks.  He then went on to the Federal Transit Administration and Amtrak prior to joining SEPTA. Jay is a graduate of Rutgers Law School.

Jay and I spoke via zoom as both Philadelphia, where Jay lives, and metro Washington D.C., my home, are currently under “stay-at-home” orders in response to the Covid-19 Pandemic.

On April 20, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) issued a report to Congress entitled “Crude Oil Characterization Research Study.”  The impetus for this study dates back to the 2013 Lac Megantic tragedy and other derailments of trains carrying Bakken crude oil.  In 2015, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) and the Federal Railroad Administration adopted the Tank Car Standards and Operational Controls for High-Hazard Flammable Trains Final Rule.  That rule was grounded in the assumption that crude oil produced in the Bakken region is more flammable than crude produced in other areas, and it imposed additional requirements and restrictions on trains carrying Bakken crude.  Section 7309 of the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act, enacted later in 2015, provided for a study to determine the accuracy of this controversial assumption. 

On May 11, PHMSA issued (1) an administrative determination that federal law preempts Washington State’s vapor pressure limit for crude oil in rail tank cars and (2) a notice withdrawing the agency’s Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) regarding vapor pressure for crude oil transported by rail.

PHMSA provided three arguments in support of its preemption determination.  First, it concluded that Washington State’s vapor pressure requirement effectively creates a new class of crude oil subject to special requirements that are not substantively the same as the federal Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR).  Similarly, PHMSA found that the State’s vapor pressure law imposes requirements on the handling of a hazardous material that are not substantively the same as the requirements of the HMR.  Finally, PHMSA determined that the Washington State vapor pressure requirement is an obstacle to accomplishing and carrying out the federal Hazardous Materials Transportation Act.  Under PHMSA’s regulations, Washington State has until May 31, 2020, to file a petition for reconsideration.

On April 28, the DOT’s Office of Inspector General (OIG) published the results of its audit which assessed various PHMSA activities related to liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities.  Specifically, the audit examined PHMSA’s (1) inspection of existing interstate LNG facilities, (2) review of applications for proposed new interstate LNG facilities, and (3) evaluation of state gas programs’ oversight of LNG facilities.

On April 15, the Texas Railroad Commission (RRC) issued a notice to pipeline operators that, when applying for a new or amended T-4 permit to operate a pipeline in Texas, they are required to submit digital mapping shapefiles, including abandoned pipelines, through the RRC Online System using the Pipeline Online Permitting System.  The notice reiterates that federal pipeline safety regulations define an abandoned pipeline as one that has been “permanently removed from service.”  The notice explains that this information is required as part of “other information requested by the Commission” under 16 Texas Administrative Code § 3.70.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit recently affirmed a jury’s decision that a passenger was 99 percent liable for her injuries arising from severe turbulence because she was not wearing her seatbelt despite instructions to do so.[1]

Plaintiff Fanny Quevedo, an experienced traveler, was travelling from Miami to Milan with a layover in Madrid.  The segment from Madrid to Milan, an Iberia Airlines flight, was intended to land at Milan-Malpensa airport.  Prior to takeoff, the Iberia flight crew provided the passengers with the regular safety instructions, including that seatbelts must remain fastened at all times when the seatbelt light is on, and that Iberia recommended that seatbelts remained fastened “at all times.”  The fastened seatbelt recommendation is reflected in Iberia’s policies: when the seatbelt light is on passengers are reminded to keep their seatbelts fastened every fifteen minutes, and if a flight crew member cannot see a passenger’s seatbelt when securing the cabin, they are required to move clothing and wake up sleeping passengers to ensure that seatbelts are fastened.

Since at least the time of the SARS epidemic in 2005, when it issued an ultimately abandoned notice of proposed rulemaking, the Centers for Disease Control (“CDC”) has been interested in gathering information from airlines on passengers arriving in the United States. CDC wants such information to engage in contact tracing, a term that perhaps few of us ever heard of before COVID-19, but now has entered the popular lexicon. In essence, contact tracing refers to identifying the persons with whom an infected or contagious person may have been in contact for the purpose of requiring the contacted persons to quarantine and thereby avoid further infection of others. Such tracing will need to be an essential part of efforts to reopen the US economy. The problem for airlines is that for about half of their passengers, they don’t currently collect the contact data that CDC needs.